The banking elites and the Communist Revolution
Since the late nineteen century the banking elites in the City of London and Wall Street, primarily Nathaniel Rothschild of N.M. Rothschild and Sons in the City of London and Jacob Shiff of Kuhn, Loeb & Co. in the United States, financed the communist revolutionaries in order to abolish Tsardom and impose a regime in Russia that would be beneficial to their commercial and political designs. The First World War was an opportunity to renew these efforts. In 1917, after the outbreak of the February Revolution and fall of the Tsar, both the German government and the Jewish banking elites were interested in taking control over the revolutionary forces and destroying the existing power structure in Russia. Thus German General Staff facilitated transit of Lenin and his Bolshevik associates including Zinoviev, Lenin's wife Nadezhda and his mistress Inessa Armand, Polish Jew Karl Radek, the old Menshevik leader Julius Martov, and six non-Bolshevik members of the Jewish Bund, in a sealed train through Sweden to Petrograd.208 Major General Hoffman has admitted later: “We neither knew nor foresaw the danger to humanity from the consequences of this journey of the Bolsheviks to Russia.”209 The money for Lenin's return was provided by Alexander Parvus (born Israel Lazarevich Gelfand, or Helphand), a Jewish/Russian socialist and millionaire who was working for German Intelligence. He had close relations with Basil Zaharoff, major Jewish arms dealer and director of British arms company, Vickers. He was also in contact with the masonic organisation of Young Turks which controlled Turkish government.210 211 The funds necessary to help Lenin reach Petrograd were transferred in part from the German government through the Olof Aschberg's Nya Banken in Stockholm, an associate of J.P. Morgan and negotiator for Russian loans in the United States.212 Meanwhile, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson facilitated the transfer of another socialist revolutionary, Leon Trotsky (born Leiba Bronstein), who landed in New York in January 1917, having been expelled from France. President Wilson provided him with a passport, accompanied by a Russian entry permit and a British transit visa, and gave him $10,000 from supposed German sources. Trotsky left New York on board of S.S. Kristianiafjord on March 26, 1917.213
In April 1917 Lenin reached Petrograd and one of the first things he did was the purchase of a private printing press on Suvorovsky Prospect.214 In his newspaper Pravda Lenin proclaimed an outline of his plans for the Bolsheviks which he had written on the journey from Switzerland and is known as his April Theses. He publicly condemned both the Mensheviks and the Social Revolutionaries who dominated the influential Petrograd Soviet for supporting the Provisional Government which he considered equally imperialist as the Tsarist regime. He advocated immediate peace with Germany, rule by soviets, the nationalisation of industry and banks, and the state expropriation of land, all with the intention of establishing proletariat government. The provisional government in Russia led by Alexander Kerensky was determined to retain power and thus after July demonstrations many Bolsheviks were arrested. In order to influence events in Russia, William Boyce Thompson, director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, decided to send a RED CROSS MISSION to Petrograd. This was a joint venture of the Wall Street financiers that included J.P. Morgan, Mrs. E.H. Harriman, Cleveland H. Dodge and others who hoped to exploit Russia's market in the future. The American Red Cross Mission arrived by train in Petrograd in August 1917 and was made up mainly of lawyers, financiers and their assistants.215 On their arrival to Russia, Thompson began with subsidizing the Kerensky's government via National City Bank branch in Petrograd and then switched to the Bolsheviks.216 When General Lavr Kornilov realised the Bolsheviks were on foreign payroll, he started to agitate against both the Bolsheviks and Kerensky government. In response, Kerensky began releasing the imprisoned Bolsheviks seeking their support. In September 1917, Trosky was released from prison and was elected chairman of the Petrograd Workers' and Soldiers' Soviet, despite being neither a soldier nor a worker. In October 1917, the Bolsheviks founded the Military Revolutionary Committee, which included Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Grigori Zinoviev, Leon Kamenev, Grigori Sokolnikov, Yakov Sverdlov, Joseph Stalin, Felix Dzerzhinsky, Moisei Uritsky, and Andrei Bubnov. All of the members of the Revolutionary Committee, except for Lenin, Stalin, Dzierzynski and Bubnov were Jews. In the early morning of October 25, 1917, Bolshevik Red Guards began to take control of key points in the Russian capital—railway stations, telegraph offices, and government buildings whilst Kerensky and the Provisional Government were not able to offer significant resistance. Around 11:30am Alexander Kerensky left the Winter Palace and Petrograd in an automobile placed at his disposal by the American Embassy.217 In the evening the Bolshevik sailors on the cruiser Aurora, and Peter and Paul fortress, began to open fire on the palace. Most of the government guards decided to surrender and the Bolsheviks entered the Winter Palace virtually unopposed.
The so called October Revolution which installed Bolshevik rule in Russia stopped all the democratic process that started with introduction of Duma in 1908 and continued with the February Revolution of 1917, and replaced it with the most oppressive regime that the world had ever known. The Bolsheviks ordered mass expropriations, nationalisation of private property, seizure of agricultural land and prosecution of the Church and the Christians. Since the new Bolshevik regime was supported chiefly by German-Jewish financiers and was run mostly by Jewish intellectuals, it soon introduced a great number of Judeo-Masonic symbols and terms: red, five-pointed star (the star of Solomon), term of address tovarishch, which meant comrade (the Freemason of the second degree), and sickle and hammer (as reference to the hammer and chisel used by every Master Mason).218 The Bolsheviks also introduced a new Secret State Police - “All-Russian Extraordinary Commission to combat Counter-revolution, Speculation and Sabotage”, in short CZEKA (the forerunner of OGPU, NKVD, KGB and FSB). CZEKA aim was to “liquidate” Bolsheviks' rival leftists groups - Mensheviks, Socialist Revolutionary parties, anarchists, etc., as well intellectuals, peasants and military officers who opposed the "Germano-Bolshevik yoke". CZEKA was initially headed by a Polish revolutionary, Felix Dzierżyński, whose driving desire was to avenge many years of Poland's enslavement by Tsarist Russia. After his death in 1926, almost all future chiefs of CZEKA would be Jewish and the organisation would recruit, despite its deceptive title, primarily Jewish persons. CZEKA bore resemblance to the Special Organisation (SO) a killing unit formed in 1913 by the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), otherwise known as Young Turks, who controlled the government in Turkey.219 Both, the Bolshevik Party in Russia and the CUP in Turkey were masonic revolutionary parties sharing common features in organisational structure, ideology and methods of operation. Leaders of these revolutionary parties often drew inspiration from the bloody events of the French Revolution. Lenin, who belonged to a French masonic lodge, 'Art & Travail', had said in 1904 that “A revolutionary Social Democrat must be, cannot but be a Jacobin. You ask me what Jacobinism means. First of all...the directorship of proletariat...Secondly – a centralized party structure in order that this dictatorship be brought about ...Thirdly...real, strong discipline in the party...The outcries of the minority about “blind subordination” and “barrack discipline” reveal their love of anarchistic phrases, their slackness – typical of intellectuals...If you take away discipline and frustrate centralism, where will the dictatorship find its support then? Dictatorship, centralism, strict and strong discipline - all these are connected logically [can we not also add psychologically] each complements the others. All this taken together is the Jacobinism which is being fought against...by Marov, Akimov, and all the other Girondists. A revolutionary Social Democrat – this has to be grasped once and for all must be, cannot but be a Jacobin.”220
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208 McMeekin, The Russian Revolution, p. 129 »
209 Max Hoffman, War Diaries and Other Papers (London: M. Secker, 1929), 2:177 »
210 Igor Bunich, "The Party's Gold" (St. Petersburg, 1992), p. 34 »
211 Slezkine, Jewish Century, pp. 150-55, quoted in Baer, The Dönme, p. 109 »
212 Sutton, Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution, pp. 57-70 »
213 Sutton, Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution, p. 26 »
214 McMeekin, The Russian Revolution, p. 132 »
215 Sutton, Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution, p.76 »
216 Ibid., pp. 73-83 »
217 Pipe's, Russian Revolution, pp. 490-491, quoted in McMeekin, The Russian Revolution, p. 207 »
218 Juri Lina, Under the Sign of Scorpion, p. 245 »
219 Slezkine, Jewish Century, pp. 150-55, quoted in Baer, The Dönme, p. 109 »
220 Quoted in Bruce Mazlih, The Revolutionary Ascetc: Evolution of a Political Type (London, New York: Rutledge, Reprint, 2017), p. 155 »